Producción Académica

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Application and impact of surveying in criminal investigation
(UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSE DE CALDAS, 1998) JULIETH MORALES GALINDO; BELLAMIRA RAMIREZ LOPEZ.; Julieth Morales Galindo; Bellamira Ramírez López; Alberto Luciano Rengifo Osorio (director externo); Rafael Antonio Luengas Pérez (director interno)
This study compiles and systematizes information from State institutions that support the administration of justice, such as the Administrative Department of Security (DAS), the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, the Office of the Attorney General and the National Police (DIJIN), in order to analyze how surveying is applied in the investigation of criminal events. It focuses particularly on its use in cases of deaths caused by firearm projectiles and traffic accidents, showing that criminalistics relies on the natural sciences—especially physics—and that surveying, as a technique of measurement and graphic representation, is essential for fixing the crime scene, documenting the death‑scene investigation and reconstructing the dynamics of events. The topographic survey, carried out carefully and systematically, makes it possible to record information on the position of the body, the location of evidence, trajectories, access routes and the physical environment, which is later translated into sketch maps and scaled plans. Two theoretical‑practical cases—one traffic accident and one homicide by firearm—are presented to illustrate the working methodology of the surveyor within the technical team and to demonstrate the impact of surveying on criminal investigation and judicial decision‑making.
Concordancia de tres métodos para detectar intoxicación etílica aguda en conductores de vehículos de motor en Bogotá 2005
(UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA, 2006) CAROLINA DOMINGUEZ MARQUEZ LUIS EDUARDO MUÑOZ PERDOMO OSCAR ARMANDO SANCHEZ CARDOZO; Domínguez Márquez, Carolina; López Castro, Adriana; Muñoz Perdomo, Luis Eduardo; Sánchez Cardozo, Oscar Armando; González Ortiz, Jorge Oswaldo
Descriptive concordance study that assesses three methods used in Colombia to determine acute alcohol intoxication in motor vehicle drivers: the clinical drunkenness examination, breath alcohol testing and blood alcohol concentration. Using a sample of drivers examined at forensic medicine units in Bogotá in 2005, the thesis describes sociodemographic characteristics, type of vehicle and service, circumstances of the traffic events and frequency of alcohol intake. The results of the three methods are analyzed, degrees of intoxication are assigned according to current regulations, and concordance is estimated using contingency tables and Cohen’s kappa. The authors discuss the discrepancies observed between qualitative and quantitative methods, the forensic implications of these differences within the new accusatory criminal system, and propose recommendations for the expert use of clinical examination, breath testing and blood alcohol concentration in the assessment of intoxicated drivers.
Development of a model for the analytical reconstruction of automobile–automobile collision with rotational effect with respect to the vertical axis of the post-impact motion
(UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE SANTANDER, 2008) CAMILO JOSE GUERRERO GUTIERREZ; Camilo José Guerrero Gutiérrez; Jairo Luis Fuentes Pérez (director); Rafael Cabanzo Hernández (codirector)
Undergraduate physics dissertation that presents a model for the analytical reconstruction of automobile-to-automobile collisions by explicitly incorporating vehicle rotational energy in the post-impact motion in order to estimate impact speeds. Based on the conservation of energy and of linear and angular momentum, the model computes pre- and post-impact velocities using parameters such as post-impact travel distance, friction coefficients, deformation energy expressed as equivalent energy speeds (EES) and rotational energy generated by tire friction moments. The model is applied to five staged collisions and three real cases investigated by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, and the results are compared with those from the model currently used at INMLCF, which does not account for rotational energy. The analysis shows that including rotational energy improves impact speed estimates and narrows the calculated speed ranges, providing a tool that better reflects the physical reality of road traffic collisions.
Epidemiological behaviour of fatal injuries in motorcycle riders and passengers from 1 August 1999 to 31 July 2000 at the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Cartagena Local Unit
(INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE MEDICINA LEGAL Y CIENCIAS FORENSES, 2000) MANUEL JOSE MARTINEZ OROZCO, MD; Manuel José Martínez Orozco; Máximo Alberto Duque Piedrahita
Descriptive prospective study that analyses the epidemiological behaviour of fatal injuries in motorcycle riders and passengers who underwent forensic autopsy at the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Cartagena local unit, between 1 August 1999 and 31 July 2000. A total of 27 deaths due to motorcycle traffic accidents were reviewed out of 611 autopsies, describing sociodemographic characteristics, circumstances of time, place and manner, alcohol consumption, medical care received and injury patterns. Most victims were young men aged 18–34 years, residents of Cartagena, who were injured mainly at weekends and during night hours on the main roads of the city. In 78% of cases no helmet was used and in 38.5% positive blood alcohol levels were detected. The most frequent immediate causes of death were raised intracranial pressure and acute anaemia, associated with multiple cranial, visceral and limb injuries. The study concludes that mortality from motorcycle accidents is a major public health problem and recommends preventive strategies focused on helmet use, speed and alcohol control, and improvement of emergency care.
Evaluación de signos clínicos de embriaguez y alcoholemia en población de adultos residentes en Santa Fe de Bogotá, 1997
(INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE MEDICINA LEGAL Y CIENCIAS FORENSES, 2000) AIDA CONSTANTIN CARLOS GANDUR TERESA PEREZ JORGE RODRIGUEZ JOHN W VILLEGAS MAURICIO SILVA; Constantin, Aida; Gandur, Carlos; Pérez, Teresa; Rodríguez, Jorge; Silva, Mauricio; Villegas, John W.
Estudio realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses en una muestra de adultos residentes en Santa Fe de Bogotá, con el propósito de analizar cómo se relacionan los signos clínicos usados en Colombia para el dictamen de embriaguez con los valores de alcoholemia. Bajo condiciones controladas se administró etanol y, a intervalos definidos, se registraron signos como nistagmus postrotacional, coordinación motora, disartria, convergencia ocular, polígono de sustentación y aliento alcohólico, junto con la concentración de alcohol en sangre. El trabajo determina la frecuencia y el momento de aparición de estos signos, su asociación entre sí, su concordancia con la alcoholemia y las diferencias según edad, género y hábito de consumo, proponiendo además un valor de alcoholemia a partir del cual debería considerarse la embriaguez para fines legales y de prevención vial en Colombia.
Influencia del consumo de alcohol en la criminalidad culposa y accidentes de tránsito
(UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES, 1977) GABRIEL A REYES SANTOS; Reyes Santos, Gabriel Alfonso
Tanto la criminalidad como la accidentalidad han alcanzado tales proporciones que ya no solo es el orden social el afectado, sino que también ha empezado a desequilibrar el orden político y económico del país; por lo tanto, es de suma importancia comenzar los estudios de estos fenómenos de manera más objetiva. La estadística se convierte en una herramienta útil para comprobar las teorías propuestas por las diferentes disciplinas y permite llegar a conclusiones más objetivas. El objetivo de este proyecto es ensayar una metodología para el tratamiento de la criminalidad culposa y los accidentes de tránsito, con el fin de establecer la influencia que el consumo de licor pueda tener en ellos.
Validación de la prueba: distancia de lanzamiento para la reconstrucción analítica de la colisión vehículo - peatón
(Universidad Industrial de Santander. Facultad de Ciencias, 2005) Cabellos Martínez, Malka Irina; Rojas Reina, John Wilman; Fuentes Pérez, Jairo Luis (Director); Cabanzo Hernández, Rafael (Codirector)
La reconstrucción analítica de accidentes de tránsito tipo vehículo–peatón, en el caso de impacto frontal, utiliza entre otras la prueba denominada distancia de lanzamiento, que estima un rango para la velocidad de impacto a partir de la distancia que recorre el peatón desde el punto de colisión hasta su posición final. En este trabajo se valida dicha prueba aplicando la Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC–ISO–IEC 17025, a partir de datos experimentales de ensayos controlados con dummies y cadáveres reportados en la literatura, y de la modelación física de las fases del accidente (contacto, lanzamiento y arrastre). Se generan curvas teóricas de velocidad en función de la distancia de lanzamiento para diferentes combinaciones de parámetros (coeficientes de fricción, tiempo de contacto y altura del centro de masa) y se comparan con los resultados experimentales, determinando el intervalo de distancias en el que la técnica es más fiable y el rango máximo de variación aceptable para la velocidad de impacto en el contexto del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses.

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Browsing Producción Académica by Subject "Accidentes de tránsito"

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